By Karen Moss, RDN
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April 25, 2018
How do you get enough protein?! Does that sound like a familiar question as a vegetarian/vegan (VV)? Or is it a question you asked yourself when transitioning to this lifestyle? Turns out it’s not as difficult as one might think. In fact, VV eating patterns provide enough, often more than enough, protein when total calorie intake is sufficient. Complete vs Incomplete Protein Myth: Protein is a macronutrient that plays numerous roles in the body. It’s a main structural component of muscle, skin, blood, etc. and much, much more. Protein is made up of building blocks called amino acids. Our body can make some amino acids on its own, but others are considered ‘essential,’ meaning the only way to get them is to eat them. That’s where the terms ‘complete’ and ‘incomplete’ protein come in to play. Complete proteins are foods that have all the amino acids the body needs (like meats) and incomplete proteins only have some of the amino acids (like beans). From this came the idea that a person would need to combine incomplete protein foods to create a complete, or complementary, protein. For example, eating rice and beans together. However, we now know that the body can pool the amino acids in the liver and use them as needed to create complete proteins, therefore there is no need to combine proteins specifically at each meal. So all of that to say….don’t sweat trying to create ‘complete’ proteins in your VV diet! Odds are you will eat enough of all the amino acids throughout your day. For funsies though, it is cool to know that there are a few plant-based ‘complete’ proteins like soy and quinoa! How much do I need? The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for protein is based on an average adult needing 0.8g protein/kg body weight. This comes out to 46g of protein a day for an adult female and 56g of protein a day for an adult male, on average. You can see this chart here . Of course, this will vary throughout the lifecycle and children, adolescents, elderly, pregnant or lactating women, and athletes will have higher needs. If you’re vegetarian, these RDAs apply to you too since protein from eggs and dairy are easily digested. Vegan sources of protein aren’t quite as easy to digest and therefore vegans may benefit from upping their protein needs to 1.0 g protein/kg body weight and even slightly higher for older individuals. If you’re unsure if you’re meeting this threshold of protein needs one way to check yourself is to log a few days of your typical eating pattern in a food diary like My Fitness Pal or Super Tracker. And as always, if you have more in-depth questions it is wise to consult with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist. Lysine, a special consideration in the vegan diet: Lysine, one of those essential amino acids we mentioned earlier, is considered the limiting amino acid in the vegan diet. If you’re eating a varied vegan diet you’re likely doing ok. But it’s worth making sure you always include legumes such as beans, peanuts, and soy in the diet to make sure you are getting enough of the essential amino acid lysine. Vegan experts recommend at least 3 servings a day of legumes. To learn more about this and see serving sizes, click here to read information put together by Jack Norris, a Registered Dietitian with a great website about veganism or visit JackNorrisRD.com Super cool fun fact about environmental impact: “To produce 1 kg protein from kidney beans requires 18 times less land, 10 times less water, 9 time less fuel, 12 times less fertilizer, and 10 times less pesticide in comparison to producing 1 kg protein from beef.”- -Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets Amazing, right?! Enough already, just tell me what to eat!: In a nutshell (pun intended), nuts, seeds, beans, peas, soy, and whole grains are great sources of plant-based protein. But let’s not reinvent the wheel! Here are some links to trustworthy resources to see protein sources in the VV diet: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/complete-protein-for-vegans#_noHeaderPrefixedContent https://sweetvegtable.com/vegan-protein-sources-chart/ https://www.vrg.org/nutshell/vegan.htm#protein Thanks for reading! What nutrition topics would you like to hear about next? Sources: Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. Melina, VesantoCraig, WinstonLevin, Susan et al. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics , Volume 116 , Issue 12 , 1970 – 1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025 http://VeganHealth.org http://Vegetariannutrition.net https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56068/table/summarytables.t4/?report=objectonly http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0217p26.shtml